Three factors restrict the development of Tool industry in China
更新時(shí)間:2020-10-22
There are many reasons for the current situation of China's tool industry, we can not blindly criticize the tool manufacturing enterprises, and at present the enterprise or the industry, but also actively improve, we should be full of confidence in the future. Professor Yuan Zhejun of Harbin Institute of Technology, a famous expert in China's machinery manufacturing field, talked about several factors that influence the development of China's tool industry when he accepted an exclusive interview with the reporter of Mechanical and Electrical Business Daily.
At the age of 80, Professor Yuan Zhejun is still busy in various lectures, seminars and exhibitions. He also has several doctoral students in Harbin Institute of Technology. He is also writing books, compiling textbooks and holding leading positions in several associations. It is hard to believe that he is already an old man with silver hair, as he gushes about the development of the industry and seems to have endless topics.
"China's abundant labor resources and low costs have ultimately affected the development and improvement of the tool industry." Prof Yuan's views may sound surprising, given that low Labour costs have long been seen as an advantage for domestic companies.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries has made a great leap and innovation. As the support of this leap, the manufacturing equipment of enterprises has rapidly changed from general purpose machine tools to efficient CNC machine tools and processing centers. Professor Yuan believes that processing requirements are on the one hand, and on the other hand, higher labor costs than equipment costs force companies to go down such a path. This revolution also correspondingly promoted the progress of the tool industry - the original mass production of standard tools, the market is becoming smaller and smaller, personalized efficient modern tools become the mainstream.
"For China, the real change in the face of machinery manufacturing came in the mid-1990s." Professor Yuan pointed out that although this change has brought some development in the machine tool industry, it has not produced the rapid chain reaction that is obvious in foreign countries. "One of the main reasons is that low labor costs have made many enterprises inert and more willing to rely on low labor rather than switch to efficient and advanced equipment to meet processing requirements." Indeed, this causes the general machine tool and the old way of production in the domestic market is still very large, also causes the standard tool market is still huge, tool enterprise technology innovation power is therefore relatively small.
However, by the backward equipment and Labour is still the old mode of production, some enterprises have gradually increase investment in advanced equipment, and also puts forward the demand for advanced and efficient tool, while most of domestic machine tool enterprises are still in the mass production of general equipment and tool, after decades of the development of mature foreign modern machine tool enterprises to fill the market blank. "Therefore, the progress of domestic machinery manufacturing industry has not brought rapid innovation of domestic tool enterprises." "Although innovation has been slow, we are seeing pressure from machine manufacturers, machine tool companies and tool makers to change," Yuan said.
Separation between material production and tool production
According to the division of labor in the planned economy era, the production of tool materials by the steel works and cemented carbide factories, and belongs to the Metallurgical Ministry, and the production of tools by the tool enterprises, belongs to the ministry of machinery. "This division directly affects the disconnect between tool material production and tool production today." Professor yuan concrete analysis said that, in the past in the production of high speed steel is more a north-eastern steel mills, the high speed steel for cutting tool industry despite the number of tool industry itself is not small, but for steel mills himself, this part of the constitute only a small part of its output impact on its overall profits is not large, so also has been very seriously.
However, the tool of the material itself is very high, so the tool industry constantly put forward new and stricter requirements to steel enterprises.
On the one hand, continuous requirements, on the other hand, turn a deaf ear to, the separation between the two sides makes it difficult to smooth communication, high speed steel quality is not high has become an important reason for the tool quality is difficult to improve effectively.
"In terms of cemented carbide, the two big companies are Zhuzhou Cemented carbide Group and Zigong Cemented carbide Co., LTD., but they did not produce cutting tools before." Professor Yuan believes that the same reason makes the cemented carbide product quality and the requirements of tool enterprises appear a greater disconnect.
The good news is, we see that zhuzhou cemented carbide group and zigong cemented carbide co., LTD has built up his own tool production base, professor yuan thought, "this way, the improvement of cutting tool materials also becomes the enterprise own request, they improve the quality of material, development of new varieties for ourselves at the same time, also brought the progress of the raw materials for the cutting tool industry."
Therefore, the relationship between raw material production and tool production must be broken through. "From abroad, whether it is Sandvik Coke in Sweden or Kenner in the United States, these large knife groups have their own knife material production force." Tool material development becomes a powerful and timely support for tool progress.
The tool industry in the future will be a small number of large tool enterprises and more professional factories coexist. Professor Yuan therefore also advocated that China must vigorously build its own large knife enterprise group. "Zhuzhou or zigong and Jinlu union or, if the real development of the tool industry in the core aircraft carrier, to drive the improvement of the whole tool industry level will play a great role.
Lack of service power
The development of machine tool industry is inseparable from the progress of the whole machinery manufacturing industry. "Although there are some problems mentioned above, with the development of advanced manufacturing technology, with the aging of the enterprise's original equipment, as labor costs for equipment investment relative advantages gradually diminished, the domestic requirements for advanced equipment, efficient advanced cutting tools continue to increase. Professor Yuan stressed that even if the external conditions are resolved, the transformation of tool companies themselves still need to make great efforts, "because from the past mass production of standard tools to provide personalized modern tools, involves the transformation of many basic concepts, especially the concept of service.
Indeed, modern machine tools, modern tools are required to provide personalized solutions, the need for specialized service to understand the needs of the user enterprise and to provide perfect after-sales service, its members not only need to be familiar with their own tool products performance, but also familiar with the processing technology requirements of the user enterprise. Like some foreign advanced cutting tool enterprise, not only can provide personalized solutions, according to the requirements of the user enterprise can even before the user enterprise offer more advanced tool, positive promotion to the user enterprise, try a knife to the user enterprise production site, and the product once mature problems are able to provide timely after-sales service.
"Due to the impact of the original domestic environment, domestic tool enterprises in the system, organization are not suitable for the current market development, including the lack of such a service force. Indeed, because the standard tool in the domestic dominance for a long time, tool enterprises and users of the instrument between the simple business relationship, some even just through agents, do not need "service" -- even if the need for tool technology improvement, but also by the user's own enterprise. Therefore, the vast majority of domestic tool enterprises basically have no service power.
"Now it seems that this aspect is a relatively big difficulty. The construction of service force is not a matter of one day or two days. It needs a process." Professor Yuan also pointed out that our talent level is not low, as long as the tool enterprises realize the importance of service force construction, have the concept of change and really make great efforts to do, this difficulty can be overcome.